Tennis rules and regulations

Play with confidence and respect the game. Fair play and consistency shape every match – understanding the rules makes tennis enjoyable for everyone.

Tennis rules, conduct and competition guidelines

Whether you're new to tennis or looking to sharpen your competitive edge, understanding the rules and expectations is essential. This guide covers the structure of a match, proper attire, player etiquette, and how to handle disputes fairly. You'll also find key differences in junior tennis to help younger players thrive on court.

Rules

Tennis matches follow structured rules set by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) to ensure consistency at all levels.

Key match regulations

  • Games, sets and matches – A match consists of sets, each made up of games.
  • Deuce and advantage scoring – Players must win two consecutive points after deuce to secure a game.
  • Tiebreaks – Used when a set reaches 6-6, with the first person to win seven points, and holding a two-point margin, determining the winner. 
An simple blue outlined illustration of a tennis court. A green line is bouncing across the net.

Playing fairly

  • Service rules – Players must serve behind the baseline into the correct service box.
  • Ball in play – A ball remains in play unless it lands outside the court boundaries.
  • Player challenges – Some tournaments allow electronic review systems to challenge line calls.
A simple blue outlined illustration of an umpires chair next to a tennis net. A green lines flies across the net.

Equipment

Tennis Australia provides competition dress codes to maintain professionalism and fairness. 

Dress code standards

  • Players must wear approved attire based on competition guidelines. 
  • Some tournaments have specific uniform rules (such as Wimbledon’s all-white policy). 
  • Accessories such as wristbands, visors and non-marking shoes must follow regulations.
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Equipment rules

  • Racquets must meet ITF specifications for size, weight and string tension. 
  • Official tennis balls must meet bounce and compression standards. 
  • Court surface impact – Hard, clay and grass courts affect play differently, influencing gear choices. 
An illustration of two racquets and a tennis ball. A line bounces behind them.

Approved balls

Tennis Australia's approved balls for 2025/26 are approved for all surfaces but perform best on those recommended.

STANDARD
Hardcourt All court
Dunlop ATP Champ Babolat Gold All Court
Slazenger Advantage Hardcourt Dunlop AO
  Dunlop ATP
Claycourt Dunlop FORT All Court
Dunlop Fort Clay Head Championship
Wilson Roland Garros Clay Head Tour
  Head Tour XT
Grasscourt Technifibre Court
Slazenger Advantage Grasscourt Technifibre X-One
Slazenger Wimbledon Teloon Pound Tour
  Wilson Tour Premier
   
INTRODUCTORY BALLS
Wilson Green  
Dunlop Red  
Dunlop Orange  
Dunlop Green  
Teloon Green  

Play by the rules. Compete with integrity.

Every match starts with respect. From global ITF standards to Tennis Australia’s Code of Behaviour, these rules shape how the game is played and how players carry themselves.

ITF rules and governance Player dress and equipment

Etiquette

Proper etiquette keeps matches enjoyable and fair, especially when there’s no umpire.

On-court conduct

  • Call the score clearly – Announce the score before each serve to avoid confusion.
  • Make fair line calls – If unsure, always give your opponent the benefit of the doubt.
  • Respect court time – Wait for your turn and avoid disrupting ongoing matches.
  • Celebrate respectfully – Avoid excessive reactions when an opponent makes a mistake.
Principles and ettiquete
A simple blue outline of a person playing tennis. A green line swoops towards their racquet.

Common errors and resolutions

  • Incorrect scoring – Pause play and confirm points before continuing.
  • Disputed line calls – If both players disagree, the point may be replayed if no umpire is present.
  • Equipment malfunctions – If a racquet breaks mid-game, players must use an approved back-up racquet.
How to correct errors
A simple blue outlined illustration of a tennis scoreboard. A green line orbits around it.

Junior tennis

All 10-and-under competitions must use a low-compression red, orange or green ball and be played on a smaller court.

Why the change?

For years, most sports have taught children the basics using smaller or modified equipment and reduced playing areas. This helps kids:

  • learn new skills faster and more easily

  • experience early success, boosting confidence and enjoyment

  • avoid frustration from oversized courts and high-bouncing yellow balls.

Tennis has traditionally introduced children to the game using full-size courts and standard yellow balls, which bounce too high and are difficult to control. These conditions can hinder stroke development and discourage participation.

How it helps

Using slower red, orange or green balls and smaller courts helps kids:

  • serve, rally and score from their first time on court

  • develop correct stroke technique with more time to react

  • progress to larger courts when ready.

Add in appropriately-sized racquets and kids are set up for a great first experience.

Code of behaviour and competitive play

Respect, fairness and sportsmanship define competitive tennis. The Tennis Australia Code of Behaviour sets conduct standards for players, coaches and spectators.

Follow the code
Four young female tennis players high five over a net on court